Hepatitis – treatment of disease. Symptoms and prevention of the disease Hepatitis

Гепатит – что то за болезнь? Hepatitis is a group of acute and chronic inflammatory liver diseases of different etiology. The incidence of hepatitis b (especially viral) each year has grown steadily.

Hepatitis: causes and factors

There are many reasons for the development of hepatitis. The most common are:

• Viruses. This is one of the most common causes of hepatitis. Viral hepatitis develop contamination gepatotropnymi viruses. To date, we have identified several types of hepatitis viruses (A, B, C, D, IS, F And G).
• Alcohol. Alcoholic hepatitis develops as a consequence of excessive use of alcoholic beverages. Ethyl alcohol is having a devastating effect on virtually all organs, primarily on the liver, because here comes its neutralization. The frequent use of alcohol leads to inflammatory process in liver with further loss of liver tissue and replacing their fat tissue.
• Drugs. Some medicines have expressed gepatotoksichnost'ju. Long-term use of these drugs leads to the development of the medicinal hepatitis. Such preparations could include non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, antibiotics, sulfonamides and other medications. After receiving gepatotoksicnah funds, disease, usually, passes and liver function are restored.
• Stagnation of bile. If there is a violation of the outflow of bile may develop Cholestatic hepatitis. Stale bile promotes inflammation in the liver.

Types of disease: classification of hepatitis

Classification of hepatitis is diverse. Depending on the causes of hepatitis are:

• viral;
• alcoholic;
• medicinal;
• Autoimmune;
• specific (eg, TB, jehinokokkovyj, opistorhoznyj and other).

The stream sometimes acute and chronic hepatitis. Acute hepatitis lasts less 2 months, While the chronic form of the disease lasts longer than 6 months.

Clinical characteristics distinguish the zheltushnuju form of hepatitis, bezzheltushnuju and sub-clinical.

Separately it is necessary to consider the classification of viral hepatitis, representing the most common variation of this disease. There are following kinds of viral hepatitis:

• Hepatitis A. This is the most common type of hepatitis, and at the same time, the least dangerous. The incubation period for hepatitis a is from 7-8 days before 2 months. Usually, a person gets infected with hepatitis b virus and through infected food. Also hepatitis a you get in contact with an infected patient's belongings or through dirty hands. In the vast majority of cases, the infection process ends with spontaneous recovery. At the same time, patients sometimes put a dropper, Since there is a need to reduce the intensity of toxic effects on the liver.
• Hepatitis B In. Hepatitis b virus is transmitted through blood, When having sex, as well as with injections of sterile syringes. Viral hepatitis b is very dangerous, because it is highly liver and accompanied by severe symptoms, such as temperature increases, hepatosplenomegaly, joint pain, vomiting and other. With hepatitis in a patient should receive medical assistance in a hospital environment.
• Hepatitis C. This is one of the most severe forms of the disease, that often leads to cirrhosis and liver cancer, and therefore to death. The most common way of infection is the path through blood transfusions, use of injection syringes, sex contacts.
• Hepatitis D. It was discovered in 1977 year. However, later scientists discovered, that the identified viral hepatitis D is one of a kind of viral hepatitis. This infection appears when connecting the main strain of the virus and Delta-agent.
• Hepatitis E. This form of viral hepatitis has many similarities with the symptoms of viral hepatitis a. Truth, When viral hepatitis e possible kidney and liver. As in the case of hepatitis a, prognosis in this disease almost 100% favorable. However, pregnant women, this form of the disease may represent a threat to.

In addition to the above-mentioned viral hepatitis, also generate viral hepatitis G and, most likely, There are viral hepatitis (F). With regard to the latter, at present, discussions are underway on this account.

Symptoms of hepatitis: as manifested disease

Symptoms of hepatitis b varied depending on the variety and extent of lesion of liver tissue. In General, however, it is possible to identify some common symptoms, most likely to occur when those or other forms of hepatitis.

Mild forms of acute hepatitis often proceed asymptomatically. At the same time, they often turn into chronic form, If the disease will not be identified (accidentally or prophylactic examination). When severe symptoms can be vividly. Sometimes it grows very quickly and is combined with a fever, total intoxication and toxic lesions of organs and systems.

The most common symptom of acute and chronic forms of hepatitis is zheltushnost' of skin and sclera of the eye. In the same time, the disease may occur and without jaundice. On the other hand expressed jaundice may develop and light forms of hepatitis. So when zheltushnost' hepatitis does not indicate the severity of the disease.

Hepatitis urine, usually, noticeably darkens, and vice versa-CAL loses color and becomes whitish clay shade.

Often accompanied by hepatitis itching skin, the appearance on the skin red dots, neurotic syndromes and bradycardia. By palpation increases and slight soreness of the liver. In some cases, patients with increased spleen.

In addition to the above symptoms, chronic hepatitis is characterized by the development of the following clinical syndromes:

• astenovegetativei syndrome is weakness, somnipathy, fatigue, headache, mental lability;
• pain is pain in the right hypochondrium, increasing during exercise and sudden change of diet;
• dyspeptic syndrome-nausea, vomiting, flatulence, decreased appetite, diarrhea, constipation, an unpleasant taste in the mouth;
• subfebrilitet-a moderate increase in body temperature;
• Palm redness;
• haemorrhagic syndrome is the tendency to bruise, petechiae, uterine bleeding;
• jaundice;
• gepatomegaliya (enlargement of the liver).

Actions of the patient with hepatitis

When pain sensations in the right hypochondrium, nausea and vomiting, zheltushnosti and other symptoms of hepatitis must be treated by your doctor.

Diagnosis of hepatitis

Hepatitis b diagnosis primarily based on a general examination of the patient, When identifying zheltushnost', liver tenderness, digestive disorders, discoloration and darkening of the urine.

General blood test may indicate the presence of anemia, thrombocytopenia and leukopenia. When conducting biochemical blood test detected elevated levels of bilirubin and aminotransferaz.

Serological blood tests can detect viral pathogens hepatitis, raised titer of antinuclear antibodies, antibodies to cells smooth muscles or liver mikrosomam in the case of the autoimmune nature of hepatitis.

In the diagnosis of hepatitis b is important contact information patient medications and hepatotoxic substances.

Treatment of hepatitis

Hepatitis treatment depends on its causes. Under viral hepatitis are appointed antivirals, immunomodulators. All types of hepatitis, it is appropriate to assign hepatoprotectors-drugs, protecting liver cells from damage (geptal etc). Also symptomatic, dezintoksikatsionnaya therapy (laktofil'trum etc), aimed at improving the condition of the patient.

Noteworthy, that previously incurable hepatitis c now fully treated by using specific antiviral drugs. Today, some countries have entire programs on full elimination of hepatitis c virus, and this struggle goes successfully. Almost 100% patients, receiving a specific triple therapy (three of the drug or a combination of three drugs in one pill), recover within a few months.

When treating Hepatitis you must completely eliminate alcohol, and, possibly, refuse gepatotoksicnah medicines. The patient is assigned a special diet.

Complications of hepatitis

If there is no cure for hepatitis, eventually the disease can lead to complications such as biliary dyskinesia, cirrhosis of the liver, liver cancer and hepatic coma.

Prevention of hepatitis

Prevention of viral hepatitis comes down to careful hygiene. Hepatitis b and c can be passed through sexual contact, Therefore, the use of a condom during sexual contact is also a preventive measure. Currently possible vaccination against certain types of viral hepatitis.