Hastroэzofahealnыy reflux – treatment of disease. Symptoms and prevention of gastroesophageal reflux disease

Гастроэзофагеальный рефлюкс – что это за болезнь? Gastroesophageal reflux is a retrograde (reverse the normal current) casting acidic gastric contents into the esophagus through the lower esophageal (Cardial) sphincter, arising from the disruption of the specified valve. This state periodically observed in practically all healthy people. But, frequent repetition can lead to the development of gastroesophageal reflux disease and reflux esophagitis. Men suffer from this pathology more often women.

Гастроэзофагеальный рефлюкс – Причины возникновения

The most frequent cause of gastroesophageal reflux is the overflow of stomach and muscle relaxation, that in normal circumstances impede the reverse zabrosu food. However, there are many other reasons for the development of this pathological condition. This can be:

• pregnancy;
• hiatal hernia (accompanied by the offset of the upper section of the stomach and Cardia in the chest cavity);
• obesity;
• inadequate and poor nutrition, including overeating;
• bad habits (alcohol abuse, smoking);
• frequent vomiting (when poisoning, neuro-mental anorexia);
• use of certain drugs, lowering the tone of the cardiac sphincter (theophylline, diazepam);
• intolerance to certain foods (allergy);
• systemic scleroderma;
• the need for long-term use of probe nazogastral'nogo (coma, neuro-psychiatric disorders, heavy state).

The first few weeks of life of children gastroesophageal reflux occurs in 85% cases and is not a pathology, as occurs due to weakness of muscles and sphincters. OK to 9-10 months regurgitation is terminated entirely.

Гастроэзофагеальный рефлюкс – Симптомы гастроэзофагеального рефлюкса

The main symptoms of gastroesophageal reflux are frequent belching acidic contents of the stomach, heartburn, growing in the position of lying after a meal, as well as sharp or dull pain in the area epigastralna. If reflux is chronic in nature, eventually develops reflux esophagitis, which occurs due to irritation of the mucous membrane of esophagus stomach contents with sour. In this case, align these symptoms, as dysphagia (violation of the Act of swallowing), refljuksnyj pharyngitis and laryngitis (inflammation of the pharynx and larynx), loss of teeth (caries, enamel defects), sinusitis. Sometimes, the symptoms of gastroesophageal reflux may mimic angina (retrosternal pain) or asthma (cough, breathlessness, not enough air).

Гастроэзофагеальный рефлюкс – Диагностика

In the diagnosis of this pathology is very important analysis of the complaints of the patient, history of life and illness. To confirm the diagnosis using the following laboratory and instrumental Diagnostics methods:

• General clinical blood analysis (Leukocytosis in the presence of inflammatory processes, anemia);
• measurement of pH in the lower divisions of the esophagus (When reflux is reduced);
• Esophageal manometry (evaluation of contractile activity of the oesophagus);
• UPPER (fibrojezofagogastroduodenoskopija) with biopsy;
• x-ray examination with contrast barium;
• diagnostic methods for detecting infection n. rulori;
• a provocative trial with slabokislym solution;
• additional diagnostic methods: ultrasound examination, CT, MRI of abdomen, advice related professionals.

Гастроэзофагеальный рефлюкс – Виды заболевания

Depending on endoscopic pictures there is a following classification:

• 0 degree-gastroesophageal reflux without esophagitis;
• I degree-detected erythema and/or neslivajushhiesja in the distal esophagus erosion;
• (Ii) degree is the presence of the merging, but not occupying the entire mucosa erosion;
• Grade III - merging and covering the entire mucosa of the lower third of the esophagus and ulcerative lesions;
• (Iv) degree is the presence of complications such, as the esophagus Barrett, stenosis, chronic ulcers of the esophagus.

Гастроэзофагеальный рефлюкс – Действия пациента

If you have frequent episodes of acid reflux after eating, especially in the situation of lying, tilting and physical activity, as well as other symptoms, described earlier, You should see a specialist for consultation and surveys.

Гастроэзофагеальный рефлюкс – Лечение гастроэзофагеального рефлюкса

В лечении гастроэзофагеального рефлюкса применяют ингибиторы протонной помпы – например, omeprazole (reduce the production of hydrochloric acid), preparations of alginic acid, Antacids (neutralize the hydrochloric acid allocated), prokinetiki and drugs, stimulate intestinal motility (trimedat). Such patients are recommended to follow a diet (reduced fat, giving up coffee, Chocolate, Citrus, carbonated beverages, etc.), to avoid the situation of lying and physical activity after eating and sleeping with the head elevated end.

Гастроэзофагеальный рефлюкс – Осложнения

IN 10% cases of gastroesophageal reflux leads to the development of the esophagus Barrett (intestinal metaplasia). Can also develop as a complication of stricture, Esophageal ulcer, pharyngoesophageal junction-guttural reflux, gastrointestinal bleeding and malignant esophagus Barrett (esophageal carcinoma).

Гастроэзофагеальный рефлюкс – Профилактика гастроэзофагеального рефлюкса

Prevention of this disease is to observe a balanced diet without overeating, abandon bad habits, combat excess body weight and periodic survey at the gastroenterologist.