Physical and psychomotor development of the child's first year of life

1 month of life

New people come into your home. It is called – newborn. The first days of life are the most difficult for a newborn baby.

He has come into a new world for him with a low and somewhat variable ambient temperature, other moisture. The child first started to breathe independently, feed, come into contact with a plurality of microbes. Generally it is difficult to list all, he started for the first time – He began an independent existence.

In these first days and weeks of life the child with the help of adults learned the skills of regulatory processes of digestion, maintain a constant body temperature, He is trying to respond appropriately to external challenges, He begins to see and hear. The child appears innate abilities (unconditioned reflexes: sucking, glotanie, morganii) and the first glimpses of conscious activity (conditioned reflexes: movement of the lips).

Child up 6 months should receive only breast milk, No physiological requirements in introducing into the diet in the form of additional liquid water, tea (black, green or herbal), juices, decoctions, etc..

2 month of life

He finished the first month of life. Ended fixture child to the new conditions of existence. In the second month of life, as hereinafter, to monitor the proper development of a healthy child should be on a monthly basis to come with the baby to her primary care pediatrician.

For the first month the baby will bring you a lot of trouble. However, your concerns were not in vain: the little man put on weight on 600-800 g, grew by 3-4 cm. Kid learned to smile and now will please you every day!

Timely change of sleep and wakefulness in the first month of life is still impossible to establish. On the second day of the month there are periods of wakefulness, night sleep more durable and deeper. Therefore, to produce correct rhythm of sleep and wakefulness is necessary to lay the baby to sleep at a certain time.

3 month of life

I went to the third month of life of your baby. He grows, as they say, by leaps, and bounds, and for the last four weeks and has grown considerably fatter. Noticed, that of twelve months, the most intense first weight gain and increase due to the second.

The two-month baby weighs, on average 4300-4600 grams, its growth reaches 56-60 cm. If your baby weighs a little more or less – no problem. Sure, weight – One of the most important health indicators, behind it is required to follow. However, the correct development are judged not only on weight and height, but their combination with many other features.

In the third month the little man has usually keeps well head, longer lies on his stomach, and even trying to get up, arching back, can happily smiling, sometimes laughing and babbling. Kid learned to think and concentrate for long periods considered toys, visyashtie over krovatkoy, watching bright objects, that move before his eyes. All this is generally indicative of normal development of the nervous system, muscle, senses – the whole body.

4 month of life

In the fourth month, the child is already rearing its head from a supine position. Lying on his stomach, Kid gets, leaning on his elbows and forearms. With the support of a good mouse rests on legs. Markedly improved muscle movements. The child tries to roll from back to side, change the position of his body. However, he still does not coordinate their movements, therefore, may suddenly be on the floor.

During the fourth month of the baby weight increased by an average of 750 g, growth – on 2,5 cm. Thus, average per 4 month increase in body weight of about 3 kg, growth – 11 cm. The fourth month is characterized by another important indicator of physical development. The growth rate over the chest, than the head, indicators of the circle at this age are aligned. In the future, a healthy baby chest circumference always be more.

5 month of life

In the fifth month, continues to improve motor skills baby. He has not only raises his head, and body, resting in the palm of his outstretched hand, free turns his back on his stomach, sits, if he is a little help. With the support of the body is smooth and stable, crosses legs.

Rapidly goes mental development. The kid learns to five months the father, mother and other relatives, clearly responds to the tone of voice. Without understanding the words, It captures the basic meaning of being referred to it by the intonation. Long singsong babbles. With pleasure listening to the melodious music. His attitude towards the attempts to express different shades of babble.

In the fifth month, laid the first "bricks" of good and bad habits. Parents should be aware of this and do everything to facilitate the development of good habits and avoid – harmful.

Weight gain in the fifth month on the average, 700 g, growth – 2,5 cm. Fifth Month – physical development abroad. In a healthy baby at the time the body weight is usually twice, than at birth.

At the age of 6 months must enter the lure with special attention to ensure the child's needs in iron and at the same time continue breastfeeding, that is, milk is a staple for baby.

Lure – This food, which are introduced in addition to breast milk (milk mixture in the case of artificial feeding) baby first birthday.

Signs of readiness of the child to the introduction of complementary foods:

• She is holding her head;
• He is sitting with little or no support (in highchair);
• He opens his mouth, When the tray with a spoon meal;
• turn away from the spoon with food, when not hungry;
• She covers her mouth with a spoon in his mouth, It keeps food in your mouth, and then swallows, instead of pushing and spitting.

Important, to child 6 months of the start of complementary foods with a high content of iron.

Complementary foods with a high content of iron:

• cereal manufacturing, iron-fortified;
• meat;
• fish;
• egg yolk;
• well cooked legumes (beans, peas).

Child up 8 months should receive complementary foods 3 once a day.

6 month of life

In the sixth month of life, the child takes the free toys and long engaged in them, It can be moved in the arena, even a little crawl to her interested in the subject, not only turns his back on his stomach, and back, phonate, Similar syllables. Steadily he sits in the hands of parents. However, on their own is not able to sit still. To master this skill, the baby can, when the spine and back muscles get stronger enough.

To put the child in the cushions, as it is like to do some moms, harmful, as this can lead to curvature of the spine.

Trying baby sit or stand, holding on to the bed – sign of sufficient muscle strength. So, until the baby is not sat himself, it should not be planted.

The six-month baby may already have a good start with a spoon, He opens his mouth at the sight of food and removes her lips. In the sixth month of life the baby grows to an average 2,5 cm, his body weight increased by 650 g. The total increase in body weight of approximately half 1 More kilogram, than the birth weight, growth increased 15 cm.

Methodical manuals for games in order to develop: bells (a different material), rattles (convenient to practice skills capture the subject), Sound Toys, musical toys, metal cup, wooden spoons, bright contrasting toys.

7 month of life

So, your child for six months. There comes a new period, with its own characteristics, difficulties and joys.

In the second half the pace of the child's growth slows down somewhat. During the seventh month he grows up on average only 1,5-2 cm, body weight increased by about 600 g. However, the rapidly evolving psyche, It becomes much more noticeable interest in everything around, especially for adults and children, their actions, speeches.

In the seventh month of the child's life growing differentiation, feasibility and precision of movement. Waving rattle no longer satisfies him. Kid tries to knock a toy surrounding objects. Previously, he just released from the hands of toys, now increasingly throws them. Every day the baby becomes more agile. And the more he is given the free movement, the more confident he mastered his body. If a child accidentally fall on a hard toy, it is not crying, and simply rolls off her. His actions appear, Given the dangers associated with the environment. Playing with toy firm, itself no longer has. The baby crawls.

8 month of life

In the eighth month of life the child willingly communicates with adults, distinguish friend from foe. Smiling friends. Performs at their request, the simplest set of purposeful movements: sit, lie down, to handle, make a farewell gesture "goodbye". Chorus "Okay, Okay," accompanies pat palms.

Children up to eight months confidently sits and lies down on their own, It makes no attempt to get up, holding on to the walls of the crib or playpen barrier. Falling back, not frightened and crying, and trying to get back. He knows how to find the object, which attracted his attention, and crawls to it.

It should be remembered, there is no hard and fast rules for the development of all children. Almost every child has certain inherent features of development. Some children long crawl and stand, other, conversely, to quickly get up and almost never crawl, they, other children are healthy and develop normally. They simply have different schemes of development of motor skills.

Up to eight months on average, a child grows up in the 18-20 cm, Those body mass approaches 9 kg.

A child 9-11 months should receive complementary foods 4 once a day.

9 month of life

In the ninth month of life the child is already confident with the support, crosses, with the support of both hands, and sometimes in one. In the free crawl on a flat surface gets on the subject (cushion, book, etc.), He sits down and stands up to any position. He prefers to play with toys sitting, it gives the freedom of movement of hands, It allows you to make turns housing.

For nine months the child has remembered his name, He turns to face, Who is calling. It begins to capture not only the intonation, but also the importance of individual words: "Forbid", On, "Come on", "Go up to handle" and others. Repeats of adults even unfamiliar sounds. Of course, assimilates, and sometimes utters a word-values: "Kis-kis" (cat), «Nga-nga-nga ' (dog), «Bibi» (car) and others.

At this time, it is recommended, showing the child the subject of a new home, clearly and briefly call it. The child is not yet able to repeat the name, but will be able to remember it.

10 month of life

In the tenth month of the child's body weight increased by an average of 500 g, the baby grows in the 2 cm. Thus, rate of increase in height and weight is somewhat reduced, but it noted the rapid development of physical skills and mental. Kid already understands a simple question.

At a meeting with other children sociable, He likes to touch his hand new items, show their finger. With pleasure takes flirting adults. Quickly learn to do primitive stereotyped movements: to pretend, what is hidden during the game, "cuckoo", laughs and pulls back into the game "is a goat horned". In other words, if a child plays a certain sounds and words. Without this phase of the development of meaningful speech is delayed.

The child is able to sit well, rises, holding hands on the headboard, crosses along the barrier, playpen. During the game, he was able to kneel, stoop, with one hand, to move from object to object, If you get them by hand.

11 month of life

The eleventh month of life – a kind of milestone of modern physical development of the child. At the moment of its body weight 3 times, than at birth – this figure is correct development of the child is the greatest objective value.

The child in this period tends to be long on their own, and even cross, if held in hand. Sometimes at this age baby is starting to move himself, holding a gurney, stool, pushing the chair in front of him. Kid tries to slide on his stomach from the couch, climb an incline or stairs. If drops, the crying is not always.

12 month of life

It has been almost a year since, both in your family have a baby. Two or three weeks – and it will cross an important milestone of his life: after this period of the year – it is time the body most vulnerable children, its lowest resistance.

After a year of children, usually, become stronger, hardier. However, usually only if, when their development created the right conditions.

Within twelve months of the baby will grow by an average of 1 cm, his body weight will increase by about one-third of a kilogram. Healthy, accustomed to the correct mode child eats well, readily washes, He likes to walk, fast asleep and quiet sleep all night. He likes gymnastics and tempering procedures. We already have a baby 8 teeth, He chews relatively well. By the year children, largely, begin to walk alone.

Additional information

Toolkit for the games in order to develop: Cardboard Books, dolls, Pyramid with large and small rings, animal figurines, Stuffed Toys, a medium-sized machine with laces, toy glockenspiel, toy phone, boxes of different sizes, colors and shapes with tires , small items, pail, a set of plastic tableware.

A child 1 year should receive a variety of solid foods from each food group, to be able to drink from a cup.

Egg protein is allergenic foods, so until the child 1 added to it, the diet should not be.