Cervical dysplasia

Cervical Dysplasia (Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia [CIN]; Precancerous Changes of the Cervix)

Description of cervical dysplasia

Дисплазия – аномальный рост и развитие клеток. Cervical dysplasia occurs in cells, covering the surface of the cervix Women. If cervical dysplasia is not treated, this can lead to cervical cancer.

The causes of cervical dysplasia

Cervical dysplasia caused by a virus, Sexually Transmitted. This virus is called human papilloma virus (HPV). It causes pathological changes in cervical cells. Significant changes in cervical cells turn into cancer.

There are various types of human papillomavirus. The risk of cervical disease may be high or low depending on the type of HPV.

Risk factors for cervical dysplasia

Factors, which increase the risk of cervical dysplasia:

• Multiple sexual partners;
• Early onset of sexual activity (to 18 years);
• Early childbearing (to 16 years);
• Smoking;
• Venereal diseases;
• Genital herpes;
• HIV;
• Exposure to diethylstilbestrol (OF) utero (in the womb). Диэтилстильбестрол – эстроген-подобное вещество, Assign to prevent miscarriages in high-risk pregnancy.

Symptoms of cervical dysplasia

Cervical Dysplasia often occurs without visible symptoms. Changes in the cervix are detected by screening tests.

Diagnosis of cervical dysplasia

Procedures for the detection of cervical dysplasia include:

Mazok Papanicolaou

Regular carrying out Pap tests to help diagnose and monitor cervical dysplasia. Cells were sampled from the surface of the cervix and sent to a laboratory for analysis. If found abnormal cells , It can be performed colposcopy.

Analysis of HPV DNA

This analysis allows us to determine the presence and type of HPV cervical. The presence of HPV DNA with a high risk of degeneration into cancer requires a more detailed examination and early treatment.

Kolyposkopiya and biopsy

If there is a need for further examination of the cervix, It will be performed colposcopy. During this procedure, the cervix is ​​applied solution 3% acetic acid, what

For areas, which abnormalities are detected, будет проведена биопсия – удаление небольшого участка ткани из канала шейки матки. The procedure is performed with a small brush. Biopsy and a sample of cells from the cervical canal will be sent to the lab for analysis. In the laboratory, the abnormal cells are studied and classified by the following parameters:

• Mild dysplasia type;
• Moderate dysplasia type;
• Severe dysplasia (carinoma-in-situ);
• Invasive cervical cancer.

Treatment of cervical dysplasia

Treatment depends on the severity of dysplasia, the location and size of the area of ​​abnormal cells. Some types of cervical dysplasia do not need treatment. They may be accompanied by periodic Pap tests, to monitor any further changes. Some types of dysplasia can disappear by themselves. If dysplasia passes itself, It can be conducted following procedures:

Cervical Conization

Конизация шейки матки – вид биопсии, removal of a small, cone-shaped area of ​​tissue. The sample taken from the surface of the cervix and cervical canal. The result of the study shows, whether malignant abnormal cells.

Loop electrosurgical excision

Excision of cervix via wire loop, which is heated by an electric current. The survey results show tissue, whether abnormal cells are precancerous or cancerous.

Note: LEEP and cone biopsy is used to remove all the abnormal tissue. These procedures may be used for very early, non-invasive treatment of cancer and its diagnosis.

Kkriohirurgiya in the treatment of cervical dysplasia

Криохирургия – замораживание и удаление дисплазии на шейке матки. This method is not recommended for treating large areas of dysplasia.

Laser therapy in the treatment of cervical dysplasia

Лазерная терапия – использование обладающего высокой энергией пучка света, allowing to destroy the abnormal cells. This method is preferable, than cryosurgery, as not destroying the surrounding normal tissue. Although the recovery is faster, than with other methods, laser treatment is expensive and not always available.

Treatment of cervical cancer

Конизация и петлевая электроэксцизия – обычные методы лечения дисплазии. But, if the study of tissues after conization or LEEP shows the presence of invasive cancer, Treatments may include:

• Surgery;
• Radiation therapy;
• Chemotherapy.

Cervical dysplasia requires frequent monitoring. Ask your doctor to conduct Pap test. The test may be needed every 3-6 months.

Prevention of cervical dysplasia

To reduce the risk of cervical dysplasia:

• Use safe sex, to avoid HPV infection;
• If you smoke, to throw;
• Vaccinated against HPV. The HPV vaccine called Gardasil is intended for use in women 9-26 years. The HPV vaccine Cervarix for women aged 10-25 years.

Talk to your doctor about, how often you should perform a Pap smear. Usually the procedure is performed with the following frequency:

• At the age of 21-29 лет – нужно выполнять мазок Папаниколау каждые два-три года;
• At the age of 30-65 – нужно выполнять мазок Папаниколау вместе с тестом на ВПЧ каждые три-пять лет;
• At the age of 65 and older can stop running tests, if you have had normal results (eg, three normal results in a row and no abnormal results in the past 10 years).

Pap smear should be done more frequently, if found abnormal results or certain diseases, eg, suppressing the immune system or the presence last cervical dysplasia or cervical cancer.