Wild yam nipponskoy – Japanese Dioscorea

Perennial climber up 4 m length, families dioskoreynыh (Dioscoreaceae). It grows in the Far East. For the medical industry harvest rhizomes, of which produce drug Polisponin, similar to previously released diosponinu.

The chemical composition of Dioscorea nipponskoy

The rhizomes of Dioscorea nipponskoy contain various organic compounds, However, the basic meaning of Medicine have discovered in the plant steroidal glycosides. Their content in the plant reaches 6-8 %. The most important of them - dioscin, diosgenin and tigogenin.

The pharmacological properties of Dioscorea nipponskoy

Tincture of Dioscorea Dioscorea nipponskoy and Caucasian and steroidal glycosides fairly well understood pharmacologically. The pharmacological activity of drugs is determined by their anti-sclerotic properties. Diosponin, containing an amount of steroidal glycoside dioscorea Caucasian, at one time it was introduced into medical practice as an active agent antisclerotic. However, due to the depletion of stocks of industrial raw materials, he was replaced by a preparation of Dioscorea nipponskoy - Polisponin.

Using experimental studies found, diosponin that reduces hypercholesterolemia and deposition of lipids in the arterial vessels, liver, skin and cornea; increases the ratio of lecithin / cholesterol, lowers blood pressure, improves heart function, expanding peripheral kosudy, increases diuresis in rabbits with experimental atherosclerosis.

Polisponin and diosponin studied in comparative perspective. Experimental atherosclerosis in rabbits reproduced for 90 days. Two series of experiments: prevention and treatment and prevention.

At the end of experiment, on the 90th day of the introduction of cholesterol and rolisponina, cholesterol control animals, receiving only cholesterol, It was 3 times higher, than the group of animals, treated with cholesterol and Polisponin. Lecithin content in the test group was also reduced to about 1.3-2 times.

Thus, the introduction Polisponin lowers cholesterol in the blood and increases the coefficient of lecithin / cholesterol, that contributes to the retention of cholesterol in the colloidal solution state, and reduces its deposition in arterial vessels.

Rabbits, administered Polisponin, OT does not increase. In control rabbits blood pressure rises to an average of 19,3 kPa (145 mm Hg. Art.), they had markedly deposition of lipids in the skin of the limbs (xanthoma) and on the cornea ("Starčeskaâ debt"). Rabbits, administered cholesterol and Polisponin, Wool was smooth, brilliant, xanthoma on the limbs missing, "Senile arc" was barely noticeable.

In the groups of rabbits with experimental atherosclerosis expressed, Polisponin treated and diosponinom, the lower the level of cholesterol in the blood and normalize the ratio lecithin / cholesterol lowering observed to normal blood pressure, that prior to treatment they were high enough,.

Polisponin, as well as diosponin, It slows the heart rate by 20-40 beats per minute, deepens breathing, improves the conduction of impulses to the heart via the vagus nerve. So, at the peripheral end stimulation after the administration of the vagus nerve Polisponin blood pressure decreases to a greater extent, than before administration. After atropine response to stimulation of the vagus nerve is lost. This indicates, the drug has properties holinomimeticheskimi.

Microscopic examination of the internal organs in the control rabbits, receiving only cholesterol, observed diffuse deposition of lipids in the intima of the aorta, especially in the thoracic region it. Atherosclerotic changes were visible on the floor of the lunar valves of the aorta. The liver was yellowish clay color was increased. The adrenal glands also been increased. Most rabbits, receiving Polisponin and diosponin, lipoid infiltration was observed in the arteries. The internal organs have been no visible change.

The experiments found, that Polisponin, as well as diosponin, inhibits the conditioned reflex activity. In animals with a weak type of higher nervous activity of the inhibitory effect of drugs was more pronounced.

Polisponin increase daily urine output in rats by an average of 78% (diosponin - of 74%), no adverse effects on renal function.

A comparative study of the influence and Polisponin diospo- Nina on lipid metabolism, development of experimental atherosclerosis, FROM, pulse, breathing, diuresis and conditioned reflex activity found, that steroidal glycosides, derived from the Caucasian and Dioscorea Dioscorea nipponskoy, It has a similar effect on animals.

The saponins of Dioscorea Dioscorea nipponskoy Caucasian and close to each other, not only in pharmacological properties, but also toxic characteristics. So, eg, the maximum tolerated dose and Polisponin diosponina of subcutaneous administration of both drugs 100 mg / kg, by intravenous - 80 mg / kg. The lowest toxic dose of both drugs when administered subcutaneously is 200 mg / kg, and by intravenous - 100 mg / kg. Hemolytic index of equal Polisponin 1000, in dyosponyna - 2000.

The use of drugs in medicine Dioscorea nipponskoy

Polisponin clinical study was conducted in patients with cerebral atherosclerosis and heart, and the combination of atherosclerosis with hypertension. Polisponin Assign inside tablets 0,1 g 2-3 times daily after meals. The course of treatment was 20-30 days. After 7-10 days of the treatment cycle is repeated. In patients with cerebral atherosclerosis decreases or disappears headache, noise in ears, fatiguability, irritability, improves mood, dream, memory, normalized blood pressure, lowers blood cholesterol. Polisponin proved particularly effective in patients in the early stages of atherosclerosis. The drug is not inferior to the therapeutic efficacy diosponinu.

Polisponin also used in patients with coronary atherosclerosis, was accompanied by a angina and hypertension. The drug is administered by 1 tablet 3 twice a day for 20 days. Other medication during administration of the drug, patients did not receive, except validol nitroglycerin or pain in the heart.

Under the influence of the treatment Polisponin patients significantly decreased the cholesterol content in the blood serum, increased levels of phospholipids in blood, decreased the ratio of cholesterol / phospholipids, decreased synthesis of β- lipoproteins. Total protein is not changed. Patients feel better, reduce the frequency and duration of angina attacks, ponizilosʹ sistoličeskoe AD by an average of 2.67 to 4.00 kPa (20-30 Mm Hg. Art.), diastolic - to 1,33-2,67 kPa (10-20 Mm Hg. Art.).

In some patients noted improvement in coronary blood flow according to the electrocardiographic study. Increased myocardial contractility, apparently, associated with improvement in coronary blood flow, however a greater degree of resistance is caused by a decrease in the aorta and other large vessels due to the decrease of lipid infiltration.

Thus, Polisponin indicated for cerebral atherosclerosis in early stages (for prevention), and when expressed forms of the disease: when atherosclerotic heart disease and atherosclerosis, combined with hypertension.

Polisponin has no side effects. However, in some cases, chronic administration of high doses of the drug may appear itchy skin, Sweating, possible loss of appetite. These effects disappear with dose reduction or temporary elimination of the drug.

Formulations, Dosage and administration of drugs dioscorea nipponskoy

Polisponin (Роlysponinum)appointed interior after eating 0,1 g 2-3 times a day for 20-30 days. After 7-10 days of the treatment cycle is repeated. The course of treatment is not less than 3 Months. Repeated courses after 4-6-month break. The preparation can be applied both in stationary, and on an outpatient basis.