Diabetic ketoacidosis – Diabeticheskaya coma – T-bills

Diabetic Ketoacidosis (Diabetic Coma; DKA)

What is diabetic coma?

Diabetic ketoacidosis (CAD) there, When sugar levels (Glucose) in the blood reaches too high a level, due to a lack of insulin to its cleavage. Instead, the body to produce energy begins to burn fat directly. Fat is broken down with the release of ketone bodies, which are found in blood and urine. DKA is a serious disease, which may lead to coma, or, if untreated, death.

Диабетическая кома – причины

Diabetic coma often causes uncontrolled diabetes 1 type, and occasionally diabetes 2 type.

Risk factors for diabetic coma

Factors, that may increase the risk of diabetic coma include:

• Infection, which can not be detected in time (pneumonia, urinary tract infection or sepsis)
• Omission or refusal to take insulin;
• Heart disease, eg, heart attack;
• Recent stroke;
• Pregnancy;
• Operation;
• Receiving recreational drugs, such as cocaine;
• A blood clot in the lungs.

Диабетическая кома – симптомы

DKA can cause:

• High blood glucose levels (more 250 mg per liter);
• Dry mouth and skin;
• Thirst;
• Frequent urination.

Seek immediate emergency medical care or have someone take you to the nearest emergency room, If you have observed:

• Drowsiness;
• Vomiting and nausea;
• Severe abdominal pain;
• Labored breathing;
• Fruity breath;
• Rapid pulse.

Diagnosis of diabetic coma

The doctor will ask about your symptoms and medical history, and perform a physical examination. It will be made an analysis of urine and / or blood, to determine the presence of ketones.

Treatment of diabetic coma

Diabetic ketoacidosis is treated with insulin and fluids. This may require treatment in intensive care unit.

Insulin can be administered intravenously or by injection. It takes effect immediately, and allows the body to re-use glucose as the main energy source. Fat will not be the main source of energy, and cease production of ketones. Excess ketones derived naturally.

Intravenous fluids are administered required and electrolytes. Fluids will help to bring the body of ketones, electrolytes and remedy the lack of salt in the blood.

Диабетическая кома – профилактика

To reduce the likelihood of diabetic coma:

• Take insulin as recommended by your doctor. Always carry it with you, to use in case of need;
• Control blood glucose level in accordance with the recommendations, at least 3-4 once a day. Check glucose often, when you are sick or have a very high level of glucose in the blood;
• Drink plenty of fluids during the day;
• Check for ketones in the urine , if you have high blood glucose levels, or you are sick;
• Consult your doctor, If you have an infection, cough, sore throat, or pain when urinating.

If blood glucose level is high, and you have a moderate amount of ketones in the urine :

• Consult your doctor;
• Take insulin as recommended by your doctor;
• Eat foods low in carbohydrates;
• Drink beverages without sugar and caffeine;
• Limit exercise, while the glucose level becomes normal.