Bupivacaine

When ATH:
N01BB01

Characteristic.

The local anesthetic from the group of amides. The white crystalline powder. It is soluble in 95% ethanol, soluble in water, slightly soluble in chloroform and acetone.

Pharmacological action.
Mestnoanesteziruyuschee.

Application.

Caudally, Epidural, lumbar and wires (in dentistry), retrobulbar anesthesia, simpaticheskaya blockade.

Contraindications.

Hypersensitivity to local anesthetics, especially groups amides, children's (to 12 years) age.

Restrictions apply.

Pregnancy, breast-feeding (must stop), liver disease in violation of its functions.

Side effects.

The symptoms of CNS depression or excitation (anxiety, anxiety, dizziness, noise in ears, blurred vision, tremor of the extremities, generalized seizures), paralysis of limbs, stethoparalysis, bradycardia, sphincter dysfunction, urinary retention, paresthesias and numbness in the extremities, impotence, decreased cardiac output, blockade of the sinus node, hypotension, bradycardia, ventricular arrhythmias, incl. ventricular tachycardia, cardiac arrest.

Overdose.

Symptoms: hypotension (up to the collapse), bradycardia (possible cardiac arrest), ventricular arrhythmias, respiratory depression, confusion, convulsions.

Treatment: there is no specific antidote. Symptomatic therapy, including, if necessary, a number of urgent measures: Intubation, inhalation of oxygen through a mask, Installation of external pacemaker.

Dosing and Administration.

Concentration of the solution used depends on the type of anesthesia: infiltration — 0,25%; provodnikova-0.25-0.5% solution, retrobulbar — 0,75% solution, sympathetic blockade- 0,25%, lumbar epidural anesthesia is 0.25-0.75%, caudal is 0.25% − 0.5%, wiring — 0,5% (with the addition of adrenaline calculation 1:200000), but quantity is adjusted individually.