Typhoid fever – Paratyphoid

What is typhoid and paratyphoid?

Typhoid and paratyphoid, serious diseases caused by bacterial infection. These diseases are most often found in developing countries, in unsanitary.

Causes of typhoid and paratyphoid

The cause of typhoid fever and paratyphoid fever is eating foods or beverages, some species infected with bacteria salmonella. Infected may be:

• Food or beverages, with whom contact person, infected typhoid fever;
• Food or beverages, visited in contact with a carrier of typhoid fever bacteria, but do not have symptoms of the disease;
• Water or food, polluted wastewater;
• Unpasteurized dairy products;
• Products from inadequately treated poultry.

Risk factors for typhoid fever

Factors, that increase the risk of typhoid include:

• Consumption of raw unboiled water;
• Consumption of raw shellfish;
• Consumption of unwashed fruits and vegetables, or clean contaminated water;
• Accommodation or recent visit to countries with poor sanitary conditions:
• Reduction of the production of stomach acid, usually, After the adoption of the decreasing acidity drugs;

Symptoms of typhoid fever

Symptoms of typhoid fever may include:

• Fever, often over a long period of time;
• Chills;
• Severe headaches;
• Constipation or diarrhea;
• Abdominal pain;
• Fatigue;
• Loss of appetite;
• Pink spots on body;
• Dizziness;
• Muscle aches;
• Swelling of the glands of the neck, liver or spleen.

Diagnosis of typhoid fever

The doctor will ask about your symptoms and medical history, and perform a physical examination. Typhoid fever, usually, diagnosed blood culture allocation.

Treatment of typhoid fever

To treat typhoid apply antibiotics.

Typhoid fever is quite contagious disease, and pretty quickly spreads, unless protective measures are taken. In a few cases, people can become carriers of typhoid fever even after cure of disease. Person, who are chronic carriers of typhoid infection can spread through feces, or urine. This disease can be treated with antibiotics, in exceptional cases, an operation to remove the gall bladder.

The doctor may also recommend taking some medications, to reduce fever. You also need to rest and drink plenty of fluids.

Prevention typhoid

There are two main ways to prevent typhoid:

• Careful monitoring of food products in the areas of distribution of typhoid fever:
  • Drink only bottled or boiled (at least, One minute) water;
  • Eat thoroughly cooked foods;
  • Avoid consumption of raw fruits and vegetables, If they cannot be cleaned or washed;
  • Avoid consumption of raw shellfish;
  • Avoid the intake of milk and milk products nepasterizovannyh;
• Vaccination against typhoid – recommended, If you are planning to visit the country, where typhoid fever is common disease
  • Remember, that vaccine is not always effective. Careful monitoring of food products is an important prerequisite for the prevention of typhoid.