Anemia-treatment. Symptoms and prevention of the disease anemia

Anemia (HGH. αναιμία-anaemia) -clinical and Hematological syndrome, It is characterized by a decrease in the concentration of hemoglobin in the blood, the decline in the number of red blood cells.

Anemia: causes and factors

The main causes of anemia are:

• The nature of power. Insufficient use of iron-containing foods may develop iron deficiency anemia, This is a more typical populations, where there is already a high level of nutritional anemia. Anemia may cause feeding, a weak iron, vitamins B12, folic acid or vitamin c.
• Violation of the production of red blood cells in the bone marrow. Usually, in this case develops anemia, which accompany kidney disease, protein depletion, endocrine insufficiency, chronic infections and cancers.
• Gemoliz. It is the destruction of or decrease in life expectancy of erythrocytes in the blood. Normal red blood cells live 4 of the month, However, some pathological processes the term of their life can be significantly reduced. The main reason for hemolysis-disruption of erythrocytes or their defect. In some cases, cause hemolysis Act pathology spleen.
• Violation in the work of the DIGESTIVE TRACT (When the suction process violations). Because iron absorption occurs in the stomach and the upper division of the small intestine, If there is a violation of intake process, mucous membranes of the digestive tract, develops anemia.
• Chronic blood loss (gastrointestinal bleeding, bleeding from the nose, hemoptysis, hematuria, uterine bleeding). Belongs to one of the most important causes of iron State.

Types of disease: classification of anemia

1. Zhelezodefitsitnaya anemia. Cause of iron deficiency anemia, is the insufficient flow of iron in the human body, as a result of loss or bleeding (prolonged bleeding, plentiful monthly, gastric ulcer etc.). Often occurs during pregnancy. When laboratory diagnostic method, a sign of iron deficiency anemia is a low level of hemoglobin in the blood, the decrease in the number of red blood cells and serum iron.
2. Gemoliticheskaya anemia. Develops as a result of hemolysis of red blood cells directly into the bloodstream. Can occur for various reasons, when poisoning, effects of low temperatures, stresses, in some hereditary diseases, Autoimmune violations (autoimmunnaya gemoliticheskaya anemia).
3. Pernitsioznaya anemia. Develops as a result of deficiency of vitamin B12, which is necessary for growth and maturation process of red blood cells in the bone marrow, as well as the nervous system. This type of anemia often typical for older people, at illnesses of the intestine, in the presence of parasites (tapeworms).
4. Serpovidnokletochnaya anemia. This is a rather serious illness, which is transmitted by inheritance. In this disease the red blood cells are shaped like a sickle, that and contributes to the development of anemia, jaundice and slow blood flow.
5. Aplasticheskaya anemia. In this cases of anaemia caused by, that there is a lack of bone marrow tissue, that reproduces the blood cells. Aplastic anemia may develop, eg, After exposure or exposure to other negative factors on bone marrow.
6. Congenital anemia spherocytic. It is a hereditary anemia. In this pathology patients instead of erythrocyte dvojakovognutyh formed blood cells round shape, that quickly destroyed in the spleen. Thus, jaundice, spleen grows in size, Besides, can develop gallstones.
7. Anemia during pregnancy. Most cases of anaemia in pregnant women belong to iron-deficiency anemia. Normally, the rate of hemoglobin in the blood of pregnant women must not be below 110 g / l, lower indicators, should turn to their doctor for advice.
8. Drug anemia. In this case, the anemia is caused by taking certain medicines. For Example, Some people have anemia may cause antimalarial drugs, sulfonamides and even aspirin.

Also distinguish the degree of anemia, Depending on the level of hemoglobin in the blood:

• mild (hemoglobin level is above 90 g / l);
• the average degree (haemoglobin level within 90-70 g / l);
• severe degree (hemoglobin level is less than 70 g / l).

Symptoms of anemia: as manifested disease

Symptoms of anemia vary depending on the variety of anaemia. The common symptoms of anaemia can be attributed:

• weakness, significant reduction of efficiency;
• fatigue, irritability, sleepy for no apparent reason;
• headache, noise in ears, twinkle “muşek” before your eyes, dizziness;
• dizuriceskie disorders;
• geophagy (uncontrollable desire to eat chalk or lime);
• shortness of breath with exertion or flaccidity;
• trophic violations hair, skin, polish;
• the pain in the heart area of type stenokarditicheskoj;
• fainting, noise in ears;
• muscular weakness, body aches.

In elderly patients, coronary heart disease, When anemia frequency strokes, even after physical exertion.

Specific symptoms of different types of anemia:

• Zhelezodefitsitnaya anemia. For iron-deficiency anaemia characteristic paroreksija (the desire to use ice, paper, land). Patients marked concave fingernails (koilonychia), inflammation of the tongue and the cracks in the corners of the mouth.
• B12 deficient anemia. This form of anaemia is often manifested tingling in the extremities (hands and feet), poshatyvajushhejsja gait, stiffness in movements, low sense of touch, deterioration of thinking, occasional hallucinations. In the most severe cases may develop paranoia and even schizophrenic disorders.
• Anemia, lead poisoning caused by waste. In this case, the patient had marked dark blue line on gums, severe abdominal pain and nausea.
• Chronic destruction of erythrocytes. For a given condition is characterized by jaundice prostupajushhaja, reddening of urine, sores on legs. Children, suffering from chronic destruction of erythrocytes, late in development. Pathology often is accompanied by formation of gallstones.
• Serpovidnokletochnaya anemia. This form of anaemia, usually, accompanied by weakness, pristupoobraznymi pains in the joints and abdomen.

Actions of the patient with anemia

Patients with anemia, You must include in the diet more green vegetables, Salad, green, grain to obtain a sufficient amount of iron and folic acid. It is important not to drink beverages containing caffeine, especially while eating, Since caffeine hinders absorption of iron.

In case of anemia is an urgent need to see a doctor, because anemia may reduce immune function of organism, instigate low energy, significantly reduce working capacity.

Diagnosis of anemia

Methods of diagnosis of anemia:

• medical examination with collection anamnesis;
• laboratory Diagnostics. A general clinical blood analysis with the obligatory definition: the number of red blood cells, the number of reticulocytes, Hemoglobin, gematokrita, mean corpuscular volume (MCV), red blood cell distribution width in volume (DMV), the average hemoglobin in the red blood cell (MCH), the average concentration of hemoglobin in the red blood cell (MCHC), the number of leukocytes, platelet count.

Treatment of anemia

Tactics of treatment is determined depending on the type of anemia and causes, that caused.

When iron deficiency anemia form, apply iron preparations, and after identifying the cause, caused anemia, measures are being taken to resolve. When anemia with vitamin B12, prescribe injections of vitamin B12. In the treatment of anaemia in children, which can be caused by parasites or worms, You must hold the anti-parasite therapy. At strong krovopotere, blood transfusions may be held.

Pregnant women, for the prevention and treatment of anemia, the doctor prescribes iron and folic acid.

Complications of anemia

In rare cases anemia may give complications in the form of hypoxic coma, which can be fatal in case of chronic disease without a cure or acute blood loss.

Prevention of anemia

In order to prevent the development of anemia should be included in diet products, rich in iron (whole grain bread, beans, greens, salad, Greens, Lean red meat).

It is also necessary to avoid prolonged contact with toxic substances, chemical agents, petroleum products, etc..