Acne – Acne – Acne – Whiteheads – Acne obыknovennoe

Description acne

Acne appear then, When pores become clogged, inflamed, or infected. This can lead to acne, whiteheads, Acne. Acne usually appears in teenagers, but also may be in adults.

Causes of Acne

Eels are born in the sebaceous glands of the skin. These glands produce an oily substance, called fat. Salo usually goes through a tiny hair follicle from the gland to the skin's surface. Sometimes fat clogs the sebaceous glands, mixing with dead skin cells and bacteria. This causes clogged pores, called comedones.

Blackheads are called comedones, which reach the surface of the skin. Whiteheads are comedones, remaining below the surface of the skin. Also on the skin can develop small red bumps, abscesses and cysts.

The main causes of acne are:

• Changes in the body, caused by changes in the level of male hormones – androgens;
• Increased sebum production;
• Changes inside the hair follicle;
• Bacteria.

Risk factors

Factors, which increase the likelihood of acne:

• Age: 12-24 year;
• Race: Caucasian;
• Changes in hormone levels, eg, during:
  • Puberty;
  • Pregnancy;
  • Before the menstrual cycle;

• Stress;
• Some medications (eg, androgens, Lithium and barbiturates);
• Some cosmetics.

Symptoms of Acne

The symptoms of acne are different for different people and may vary from mild to severe. They include:

• Too oily skin;
• Acne;
• Whiteheads;
• Papules – small pink bumps, which may be soft to the touch;
• Acne – bloodshot, pus-filled bumps, mostly red (also called pustules);
• Nodules – big, painful, solid tumors, which are located in the depths of the skin;
• Cysts – deep, bloodshot, pus-filled swelling, which can cause severe pain and scarring.

Diagnosis of acne

The doctor conducts a physical inspection of the skin, most prone to acne (face, neck, back, chest and shoulders). If the form of acne is severe, the patient is sent to a dermatologist.

Acne treatment

Acne may require a combination type of treatment. But in most cases do not require surgery. Treatment can take several weeks. Sometimes the treatment may seem, that the deterioration occurred (alleged deterioration), but it is not, after a while acne quickly pass.

Medication

OTC cosmetics (eg, detergents, Creams, Lotions, Gels), help to reduce the amount of fat and / or bacteria in the pores of. They may contain one or more of the following ingredients:

• Benzoyl peroxide;
• Salicylic acid;
• Sulphur;
• Resorcinol.

Appointed prescription drugs include cleansers, Creams, Lotions, gels and reduce the amount of fat and / or bacteria in the pores of, eg:

• Antibiotics, such as clindamycin, Erythromycin;
• Tretinoin (Retin-A, Avita);
• Adapalene (Differin)
• Azelaic acid (Azelex);
• Tazarotene (Tazorac);
• Dapsone (-Passed);

Oral antibiotics – to combat the bacteria in pores, including:

• Doxycycline;
• Minocycline;
• Tetracycline;
• Erythromycin;
• Klindamiцin;
• Amoksiцillin;
• Cephalosporins;
• Sulfamethoxazole and trimethoprim.

Oral medications – aimed at controlling androgen levels, including pill, with a combination of hormones (эstrogen and progestin) can be very effective for the treatment of acne.

• Spironolactone.

Oral retinoids, aimed at reducing the size of sebaceous glands and. Only for severe cases of cystic acne.

Isotretinoin (Accutane) It is forbidden for pregnant women because of the risk of serious damage to the fetus.

Procedures

There are a number of procedures, which can be used for the treatment of acne:

• Corticosteroids – corticosteroid injections directly into the cyst, mainly used for large cystic acne lesions;
• Surgery – specialized extractors are used for opening and removing the contents of acne.

Scar – procedures to reduce acne scars:

• Chemical peeling – It uses glycolic acid and other chemicals, to clean the skin of papules;
• Dermabraziya – Resurfacing using mechanical methods;
• Scar – used tiny instruments or a scalpel to remove scars;
• Collagen fillers – deepening of the scars are filled with special collagens;
• Laser resurfacing – removes scars and tightens the skin;
• Phototherapy – skin is exposed to ultraviolet (UV) light sources, a certain amount of time to treat acne.

Some of the procedures of the body is subjected to risk of scarring and of infection.

Acne prevention

To prevent the occurrence of acne is quite difficult. But the implementation of the recommended procedures will help to reduce the risk of this unpleasant disease:

• You must wash your face with soap and warm water twice a day (no more), to remove excess fat. Unnecessary cleaning or washing can make acne worse.
• When washing your face:
  • We need to use their hands, rather than a washcloth;
  • Use a mild soap;
  • Give face to dry before applying any lotion.
  • Do not squeeze pimples;
  • Use lotions, soap, cosmetics labeled nekomedogennaja (noncomedogenic). It means, that it will not clog pores.
• Means for acne treatment must be used according to the recommendations. Improper treatment will only worsen the situation.
• It is necessary to avoid emotional stress.
• It is necessary to use sunscreen all year round.