Pollen disease – treatment of disease. Symptoms and prevention of diseases of Pollinosis

Pollen disease – What is this disease? Pollen disease («hay fever or seasonal allergic rhinoconjunctivitis) is an allergic disease, characterized by seasonality with regard to frequency of flowering of certain plants (trees, weeds, cereal crops).

Allergic reaction in pollinosis develops directly to pollen of flowering plants. This is one of the most common allergic diseases, suffered from 2-3 to 20% total population. More frequently women suffer from hay fever.

Pollen disease: the cause of the

The allergen in pollinosis serves pollen, usually, anemophilous plants, with dimensions 0,02 – 0,04 mm, it easily penetrates the respiratory tract. In the spring blossom Birch, hazels, nuts, Oaks, Poplar, Alder, maples and Sycamores. In spring-summer-mainly Festuca, corn, monuments, foxtail, Rye, hedgehog, wheatgrass. In summer-autumn-Wormwood, Ambrosia, quinoa, etc. The concentration of pollen in the air depends heavily on weather conditions. So, minimum concentration at high humidity, during and immediately after the rain, in calm weather.

A leading role in the development of seasonal allergic rinokon'junktivita plays a hereditary predisposition. The following defects are inherited genetically protective and barrier functions:

• violation of local protective function of granulocytes and macrophages;
• secretory immunoglobulin a deficiency;
• dysfunction of respiratory tract ciliated epithelium;
• reduced secretion of substances, the overwhelming activity factor permeability pollen particles.

But dysfunction of the ciliated epithelium may also be formed as a result of exposure to physical and chemical irritants (industrial emissions, frequent viral infections of the upper respiratory tract, etc.).

Pollen disease: symptoms

Clinical manifestations of pollinosis in early disease development are, usually, transient nature. It can be itchy throat, in the nose, the ears and the area of the trachea, swelling of the eyelids and their hyperemia, slizistoe discharge from the nose, sneezing, as well as signs of conjunctivitis (lacrimation, photophobia, feeling of sand in the eyes). Among the common symptoms of irritability may occur, depression, fatigue, reduction or lack of appetite, weight loss. Further inflammatory reaction, usually, enhanced. Possible increase in body temperature, the changing nature of the discharge from the nose, eye on meningitis. May develop hives and difficulty breathing. At one-fifth of all patients developing pollen asthma. Sometimes (rare) developing atopic or contact dermatitis, angioedema, inflammation of the vulva or cystitis. The disease is characterized by strong seasonality. After the end of the period of pollinacii all the symptoms disappear, comes the cure, lasting until the next flowering season of allergen.

Pollen disease: diagnostics

Diagnosis of pollinosis "is usually put on the basis of carefully collected the allergy history, Bearing in mind the calendar of flowering plants in the specific geographic area. To confirm a diagnosis conducted allergy skin (skarifikacionnye) samples from the relevant pyl'cevymi allergens out of season their flowering. In case of impossibility of holding them apply a method of determining the level of specific antibodies (immunoglobulin e) serum. Also proof of an allergic reaction is high in the overall analysis of blood Eosinophilia and high concentrations of them in the study of fingerprints with mucous membranes of the nose and eyes.

Pollen disease: types of disease

Depending on the severity of the clinical manifestations of seasonal allergic rhinoconjunctivitis may be mild degree, moderate and heavy. By the time of the manifestation of allergic rhinitis can be spring-summer, summer and summer-autumn.

Pollen disease: patient actions

If you experience the above symptoms should consult with a (an allergist).

Pollen disease: treatment

Tactics of treatment of this disease depends on the phase of the disease and exacerbation of the season. Flowering season (the height of the disease) treatment is aimed at protecting the organs from the impact of antigenic stimuli and specific allergens. For this purpose apply medicines, which have a preventive effect, and drugs for symptomatic therapy (i.e., antihistamines). The former include the antiallergic means nesteroidna nature (cromolyn sodium, ketotifen, nedokromil-sodium, etc.), as well as selective topical corticosteroids (triamcinolone, beclomethasone dipropionate, fljutikazona propionate, flunisolid). In the period of remission perhaps holding specific hyposensitization.

Pollen disease: complications

Complicated pollinoz can development pollen asthma, as well as the cross of allergic reactions.

Pollen disease: prevention

For the prevention of exacerbations and reduce their severity should conduct daily wet cleaning indoors, avoid visiting places with dense vegetation, as well as specific immunisation during periods of remission.