Oxacillin
When ATH:
J01CF04
pharmachologic effect
Combination antibiotic, combining the spectrum of action ampicillin and oxacillin.
Ampicillin – semisynthetic penicillin, bactericidal effect, is acid. It is active against gram-positive, not forming penicillinase (Staphylococcus spp., Streptococcus spp., Streptococcus pneumoniae), and Gram (Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Neisseria meningitidis, Escherichia coli, Salmonella spp., Shigella spp., Proteus is wonderful, Haemophilus influenzae) Microorganisms.
Oxacillin – penitsillinazoustoychivy semisynthetic antibiotic of the penicillin group, is acid; It has a bactericidal action against Gram-positive microorganisms (Staphylococcus spp., Streptococcus spp., incl. Streptococcus pneumoniae, Actinimyces spp., Bacillus anthracis, Corynebacterium diphtheriae, anaerobic spore-forming rod, incl. Clostridium), Gram-negative cocci (Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Neisseria meningitidis), Escherichia coli, Proteus is wonderful, Haemophilus influenzae, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Actinomyces spp., Treponema spp.
By the action of the combination of resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa etc.. non-fermentative Gram-negative bacteria, most strains of Proteus vulgaris, Rettgeri Providence, Morganella morganii.
pharmacokinetics
TCmax Both antibiotics in blood – 0.5-1 h after the / m. The on / in a blood concentration of the drug rapidly created, higher than those at the / m.
Both antibiotics excreted by the kidneys, partially – the bile. Repeated administration does not cumulate.
Testimony
Bacterial infections, caused by susceptible pathogens: sinusitis, tonsillitis, otitis media; bronchitis, pneumonia; kholangit, cholecystitis; pyelonephritis, pyelitis, cystitis, uretrit, gonorrhea, cervicitis; infections of skin and soft tissue: mug, impetigo, secondarily infected dermatoses, etc..
Prevention of postoperative complications in surgical interventions (incl. immunocompromised), infections in newborns (infection of the amniotic fluid; respiratory distress of newborn, requiring the application of resuscitation measures; the risk of aspiration pneumonia).
Heavy flows of infection (sepsis, endokardit, meningitis, postpartum infection).
Dosage regimen
Inside, single dose for adults and children over 14 years – 0.5-1 g, daily – 2-4 g. Babies 3-7 years – 100 mg / kg / day, 7-14 years – 50 mg / kg / day. Length of treatment – from 5-7 days before 2 Sun. The daily dose is divided into 4-6 receptions.
V / m and / in (spray, drop), daily dose for adults and children over 14 years – 3-6 g; to Newborn, and children under preterm 1 year – 100-200 mg / kg / day; 1-6 years – 100 mg / kg / day; 7-14 years – 100 mg / kg / day. The daily dose is administered in 3-4 admission, intervals 6-8 no. If necessary, these doses may be increased in 1.5-2 times.
For the / m of the contents of the vial (0.2 and 0.5 g) were dissolved respectively in 2 and 5 ml water for injection.
For in / bolus (during 2-3 m) single dose dissolved in 10-15 ml water for injection or 0.9% NaCl solution.
For in / drip adult single dose dissolved in 100-200 ml 0.9% NaCl solution, or 5% dextrose and is administered at a rate 60-80 drop / min; children used as solvent 30-100 ml 5-10% dextrose. In / in introducing drug 5-7 days, with subsequent transition to the / m or oral.
Solutions used immediately after cooking.
Side effect
Allergic reactions: hives, dermahemia, angioedema, rhinitis, conjunctivitis; fever, arthralgia, eozinofilija, rarely – anaphylactic shock; superimposed infection, dysbiosis, change in taste, vomiting, nausea, diarrhea, rarely – pseudomembranous enterocolitis, leukopenia, neutropenia, anemia.
Phlebitis and periphlebitis (at / in the introduction); with the / m – at the site of infiltration, soreness.
When signs of anaphylactic shock must be taken urgently to remove the patient from this state: administration of epinephrine, GCS (gidrokortizon or prednisolone) and antihistamine drugs, If necessary, a ventilator.
Contraindications
- Hypersensitivity;
- Infectious mononucleosis;
- Lymphocytic leukemia.
FROM caution: chronic renal failure, children, born to mothers with hypersensitivity to penicillins.
Pregnancy and lactation
Can be used during pregnancy if indicated.
Excreted in breast milk in low concentrations. If necessary, use during lactation should decide the issue of termination of breastfeeding.
Cautions
In exchange treatment is necessary to monitor the state functions of blood, liver and kidneys.
The possibility of superinfection (due to growth insensitive to it microflora) It requires a corresponding change in antimicrobial therapy.
Patients, with hypersensitivity to penicillins, possible cross-allergic reaction cephalosporin antibiotic.
When used in high doses in patients with renal insufficiency possible toxic effects on the CNS.
Drug Interactions
Antacids, Glucosamine, laxative drugs, food, aminoglikozidy (in enteral appointment) slow down and reduce absorption; ascorbic acid increases absorption.
Bactericidal antibiotics (incl. aminoglikozidy, cephalosporins, vancomycin, rifampicin) have a synergistic effect; bacteriostatic drugs (makrolidы, chloramphenicol, lincosamides, tetracikliny, sulfonamides) – antagonistic.
Improves the effectiveness of indirect anticoagulants (suppressing the intestinal microflora, It reduces the synthesis of vitamin K and prothrombin index); reduces the effectiveness of oral contraceptives, drugs, during metabolism which is formed PABA, ethinyl estradiol – the risk of bleeding “Breakthrough”.
Diuretic, allopurinol, blockers tubular secretion, phenylbutazone, NSAIDs, etc.. drugs, block tubular secretion, increase the concentration of drug in plasma, which increases the risk of toxic action.
Allopurinol increases the risk of skin rashes.
