Mannitol (When ATH A06AD16)

When ATH:
A06AD16

Characteristic.

Osmoticheskiй diuretic.

Lyophilized mass light yellow. Soluble in water (very easy — in hot).

Pharmacological action.
Decongestant, diuretic.

Application.

Swelling of the brain, increased intracranial pressure in patients with renal or hepatic failure, renal, status epilepticus, acute attack of glaucoma, surgery with extracorporeal circulation, acute renal (with preserved renal filtration function) and hepatic failure, post-transfusion complications, caused by the introduction of incompatible blood, acute barbiturate poisoning and other substances (diurez).

Contraindications.

Hypersensitivity, organic kidney damage, violation of kidney filtration function, congestive heart failure, hemorrhagic stroke, subarachnoid hemorrhage (except for bleeding during craniotomy), severe dehydration, giponatriemiya, chloropenia, kaliopenia, lower nephron syndrome.

Restrictions apply.

Pregnancy, lactation.

Side effects.

Degidratatsiya (dry skin, dyspepsia, myasthenia, convulsions, dry mouth, thirst, hallucinations, decrease in blood pressure), electrolyte imbalance, tachycardia, chest pain, tromboflebit, skin rash.

Cooperation.

May increase the toxic effect of cardiac glycosides (kaliopenia).

Dosing and Administration.

B / (slow bolus or infusion), in the form of 10-20% solution at a dose of 0.5-1.5 g/kg; daily dose should not exceed 140-180 g. Freeze-dried mass is dissolved time water for injection or 5% dextrose. During operations under extracorporeal circulation immediately before the perfusion apparatus in injected 20-40 g.

Precautions.

To eliminate the phase increase the bcc, incl. Heart failure, It should be combined with loop diuretics.

Therapy should be under the control of water and electrolyte balance and central hemodynamics. In case of headache when administered, vomiting, dizziness, visual disturbances should discontinue administration and eliminate the development of such complications, both subdural and subarachnoid hemorrhage.

The introduction of mannitol in anuria, caused by organic diseases of the kidney, It can lead to pulmonary edema.

Cautions.

10% solution can be prepared at room temperature, 15 and 20% solutions — warming in a water bath until 37 °C. IN 20% mannitol solution, especially during cooling, may form crystals, for dissolution vial which must be heated in hot water or in autoclave, occasionally shaking. Before use, it must be cooled to body temperature or below.