Aplastic anemia-treatment. Symptoms and prevention of diseases aplastic anemia

Aplastic anemia is a polyetiological disease of the hematopoietic system, characterized by profound oppression gemopoaiza owing to damage of blood stem cells, related to mielodisplazijam and not associated with hematological malignancies. The incidence of this pathology has nothing to do with sex and is about 5 accidents 1 million population per year. People get sick more often in young (to 30 years) and old age (more 60 years).

Апластическая анемия – Причины возникновения

Causative factors of occurrence of aplastic anemia lots. This can be idiosyncrasy (hypersensitivity to the drug resistance to chloramphenicol, tetracycline, sulfanilamidam, barbiturates, streptomycin, dekarisu, antihistamine drugs, etc.). The frequency of such cases, eg, for Chloramphenicol is 1 from 30 th. cases of reception. Also the causative factor may provide exposure to ionizing radiation (when chemotherapy, among radiologists, etc.). Some viruses also have the potential to provoke aplastic anemia (hepatitis viruses and, And C, cytomegalovirus, Epstein-Barr virus, parvavirusy, gerpevirusy human immunodeficiency virus). There are several known cases of aplastic anemia in pregnancy. Often the cause of this disease cannot be installed. In this case we speak about idiopathic aplastic anemia.

Leading role in the development of the disease take away blood stem cell defect. This confirms the poor relationship with aplastic anemia bone marrow, as myelodysplastic syndrome, paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria (25% cases combined with aplastic anemia), acute nelimfoblastnyj leukemia (10%). Also the basis for the development of this disease is hereditary genetic defect lie and immune response to gemopojeticheskuju fabric.

Апластическая анемия – Симптомы

Clinical manifestations, usually, picking up gradually, as a result of which the patient is long does not access professionals. Manifest aplastic anemia can Vertigo, paleness of skin, fatigue and a reduced capacity for work, declining tolerance for endurance and sensation of palpitation (anemicheskij syndrome). Also have signs of hemorrhagic syndrome-the propensity to diapedezam, bleeding of the gums, nasal hemorrhage, slight appearance of bruises, petehij and bruises. As a result of agranulocytosis are frequent infections (sore throat, pneumonia, otitis, suppuration of injuries, etc.).

Апластическая анемия – Диагностика

To diagnose this disease are used the following types of laboratory and instrumental studies:

• General clinical analysis of peripheral blood (pancytopenia is detected-the reduction in the number of red blood cells, leukocytes and platelets per unit volume as a result of oppression all germs gemopoaiza);
• histological study of trepanobioptata and/or bone marrow punctate (detected a meager content Hematogenous cells, the absence of Megakaryocyte and to 90% fatty tissue replacement);
• cytogenetic study (When congenital anemia Fanconi).

Апластическая анемия – Виды заболевания

There is a following classification of aplastic anemia:

• hereditary aplastic anemia with pervasive violation gemopoaiza (anemia Jestrena-Damesheka, Fankoni);
• hereditary aplastic anemia with partial violation gemopoaiza (the predominant lesion jeritrocitarnogo germ-anemia Dimon-Blekfena);
• acquired aplastic anemia with partial or total breach of gemopojeticheskogo process.

On gravity currents this disease divided light, moderate and severe forms of.

Depending on the clinical course of emit such types of aplastic anemia:

• acute (rapidly progressing);
• subacute (develops over a period of several months-years);
• chronic (slowly progressive).

Апластическая анемия – Действия пациента

When it detects the symptoms, resembling the above, It is recommended that you seek qualified help.

Апластическая анемия – Лечение

Konservatichnye methods for the treatment of this pathology are drug therapy (erythropoietin, anabolic drugs, glukokorticosteroida while autoimmune Genesis anemia, antilimfocitarnye immunoglobulins, cytostatics, etc.), including antibacterial therapy of infectious complications, as well as substitution therapy (transfusion of blood components). Radical treatment is bone marrow transplantation with immunosuppressive therapy.

Апластическая анемия – Осложнения

The most frequent are infections of various localization. In connection with the need for frequent blood transfusions are complications such, as hemosiderosis, cardiac and renal failure.

Апластическая анемия – Профилактика

Prevention of the development of aplastic anemia is to limit the effects of ionizing radiation on the human body (If necessary, enforce protective measures), chemical agents and drugs, capable of provoking the disease.